Same English corpus, only the question language changes
Mono-lingual training leaves German questions flat (76.2 → 76.3). Translated pairs lift them to 79.0 and shrink the gap from 11.6 to 8.7 points.
Real retrievals: German questions, English paragraphs (random sample, seed 7)
Top-3 of 2,069 paragraphs. ✓ = the gold paragraph. Correct at rank 1 in this sample: untuned 4/8, fine-tuned 4/8.
Wohin haben die chinesischen Nationalisten das Mausoleum vor den vorrückenden chinesischen kommunistischen Truppen in Sicherheit gebracht?
English original: Where did the Chinese Nationalists move the mausoleum away from advancing Chinese Communist forces?
e5-small, untuned
✓ In 1939 Chinese Nationalist soldiers took the mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia to protect it from Jap...
Years before his death, Genghis Khan asked to be buried without markings, according to the customs of his tribe. After he died, his body was returned to Mongoli...
At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China to ser...
fine-tuned (+ de→en pairs)
✓ In 1939 Chinese Nationalist soldiers took the mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia to protect it from Jap...
Years before his death, Genghis Khan asked to be buried without markings, according to the customs of his tribe. After he died, his body was returned to Mongoli...
At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China to ser...
Was ist die Turbinen-Eingangstemperatur einer Dampfturbine, in Grad Celsius?
English original: What is the turbine entry temperature of a steam turbine, in degrees Celsius?
e5-small, untuned
Uniflow engines attempt to remedy the difficulties arising from the usual counterflow cycle where, during each stroke, the port and the cylinder walls will be c...
One of the principal advantages the Rankine cycle holds over others is that during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump, t...
✓ The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by the working fluid. Without the pressure reaching supercritical levels for the working fluid, the tempera...
fine-tuned (+ de→en pairs)
One of the principal advantages the Rankine cycle holds over others is that during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump, t...
✓ The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by the working fluid. Without the pressure reaching supercritical levels for the working fluid, the tempera...
Uniflow engines attempt to remedy the difficulties arising from the usual counterflow cycle where, during each stroke, the port and the cylinder walls will be c...
Wie groß ist die finanzielle Ausstattung der Hochschule?
English original: What is the size of the school's endowment?
e5-small, untuned
Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world. As of September 2011[update], it had nearly regained the loss suffered during the 2008 recession. It ...
For the 2012–13 school year annual tuition was $38,000, with a total cost of attendance of $57,000. Beginning 2007, families with incomes below $60,000 pay noth...
✓ The University is organized into eleven separate academic units—ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study—with campuses throughout the Boston...
fine-tuned (+ de→en pairs)
✓ The University is organized into eleven separate academic units—ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study—with campuses throughout the Boston...
Harvard is a large, highly residential research university. The nominal cost of attendance is high, but the University's large endowment allows it to offer gene...
Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world. As of September 2011[update], it had nearly regained the loss suffered during the 2008 recession. It ...
Wie hieß der Anführer, der von Heinrich III. geadelt wurde?
English original: What was the name of the leader ennobled by Henry III
e5-small, untuned
✓ The two most prominent Norman families to arrive in the Mediterranean were descendants of Tancred of Hauteville and the Drengot family, of whom Rainulf Drengot ...
The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses fell to the secular authorities. On 18 April 1521, Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms. This was a g...
In another incident, around 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner by his father's former allies, the Tayichi'ud. The Tayichi'ud enslaved Temüjin (re...
fine-tuned (+ de→en pairs)
✓ The two most prominent Norman families to arrive in the Mediterranean were descendants of Tancred of Hauteville and the Drengot family, of whom Rainulf Drengot ...
The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses fell to the secular authorities. On 18 April 1521, Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms. This was a g...
Bethencourt took the title of King of the Canary Islands, as vassal to Henry III of Castile. In 1418, Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the...
Welche ist die kritischste Ressource, die bei der Beurteilung der Fähigkeit einer Turing-Maschine, einen bestimmten Satz von Problemen zu lösen, gemessen wird?
English original: What is the most critical resource measured to in assessing the determination of a Turing machine's ability to solve any given set of problems?
e5-small, untuned
✓ For a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing mach...
However, some computational problems are easier to analyze in terms of more unusual resources. For example, a non-deterministic Turing machine is a computationa...
A deterministic Turing machine is the most basic Turing machine, which uses a fixed set of rules to determine its future actions. A probabilistic Turing machine...
fine-tuned (+ de→en pairs)
However, some computational problems are easier to analyze in terms of more unusual resources. For example, a non-deterministic Turing machine is a computationa...
✓ For a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing mach...
A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources, whatever the algorithm used. The theory formalizes this intuition,...
Welcher Organisation ist Iqbal in London beigetreten?
English original: What organization did Iqbal join in London?
e5-small, untuned
✓ While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1...
Iqbal expressed fears that not only would secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hind...
Greater London has over 900,000 Muslims, (most of South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest),...
fine-tuned (+ de→en pairs)
✓ While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1...
Iqbal expressed fears that not only would secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hind...
Greater London has over 900,000 Muslims, (most of South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest),...
Was veranlasste Luther zur Komposition von Hymnen?
English original: What caused Luther to write hymns?
e5-small, untuned
Luther wrote "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein" ("Oh God, look down from heaven"). "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" (Now come, Savior of the gentiles), based on V...
Luther was a prolific hymn-writer, authoring hymns such as "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" ("A Mighty Fortress Is Our God"), based on Psalm 46, and "Vom Himmel ...
Luther's hymns were included in early Lutheran hymnals and spread the ideas of the Reformation. He supplied four of eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Ach...
fine-tuned (+ de→en pairs)
Luther was a prolific hymn-writer, authoring hymns such as "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" ("A Mighty Fortress Is Our God"), based on Psalm 46, and "Vom Himmel ...
Luther wrote "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein" ("Oh God, look down from heaven"). "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" (Now come, Savior of the gentiles), based on V...
Luther's hymns were included in early Lutheran hymnals and spread the ideas of the Reformation. He supplied four of eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Ach...
Brownlee argumentiert, dass sich Menschen manchmal wie verhalten, damit ihr Problem gehört wird?
English original: Brownlee argues that sometimes people behave in what way to have their issue heard?
e5-small, untuned
Along with giving the offender his "just deserts", achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence is a major goal of criminal punishment. Brownlee ar...
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in oppositio...
✓ Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it mo...
fine-tuned (+ de→en pairs)
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in oppositio...
Along with giving the offender his "just deserts", achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence is a major goal of criminal punishment. Brownlee ar...
✓ Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it mo...
Limits: small test corpora, one 118M model, multi-GPU path implemented but not measured. Full tables and leakage checks in the repository README.